Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes persists.The objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy indices.An inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,China.Light intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were recorded.Higher N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer FIL.FIL was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with LAI(P<0.01),but not correlated with NLV(P>0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change FIL.We conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing stage.NLV has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice canopy.Reducing LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.     

食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响

针对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响问题,提出了食用菌产业转变生产方式、实施专业化分工协作,以节约经济运行成本;在分析成本效益的基础上,建立了食用菌产业发展的影响因素评价体系,对农业循环经济发展过程中的多种复杂影响因素进行科学评价,重点评价了经济发展的可持续性、经济性和环保性三个影响因素。该评价体系对我国食用菌产业发展对农业循环经济的影响因素做出科学的评价,能够辅助相关政府部门进行经济决策。     

基于主成分与灰色关联分析的饲草小黑麦品种筛选与配套技术研究

为了筛选在山西省雁门关地区最适宜种植的小黑麦品种以及配套的高产优质栽培技术,利用主成分分析法和灰色关联度分析法综合评价不同小黑麦品种在不同密度和肥料条件下的产量和饲草品质。结果表明,小黑麦饲草品质指标中糖类和蛋白类指标变异较大,但是总的可消化养分以及能量品质变化较小。相关性分析表明,相对饲料价值（RFV）与粗蛋白含量、瘤胃降解蛋白含量、醇溶糖含量、总可消化养分、产奶净能、维持净能、增重净能和相对饲料质量（RFQ）均呈极显著正相关。RFV主要通过酸性和中性洗涤纤维计算而来,在单一指标中最能反映饲草品质。综合考虑灰色关联度和主成分分析方法,晋饲草1号（播种量150kg/hm²,复合肥750kg/hm²、尿素150kg/hm²）最适宜雁门关地区推广种植。     

十里香茶离体培养及再生体系研究

为了保护珍贵的十里香茶树资源,掌握利于十里香茶的最优组培条件,本研究对十里香茶组培过程中外植体类型、消毒时间、培养基添加物及培养条件进行了筛选。结果表明,采用轻微木质化的带腋芽茎段经升汞消毒15 min,接种后暗培养5 d,MS+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中添加3 mg·L^-1 PVP+2000 mg·L^-1 Vc或者6 mg·L^-1 PVP+3000 mg·L^-1 AC,可在低污染率的前提下将褐化率降为10%左右,一定程度上解决了茶树组培中褐化率高的难题;采用1/8 MS+1 mg·L^-1 IBA培养基有利于外植体生根且增殖迅速。本研究建立了十里香茶的无菌苗离体培养及再生体系,可通过组培手段对其进行大量繁殖。     

基于Lucid多途径检索的油茶害虫诊断APP开发与实现

油茶是亚热带地区重要的木本油料作物,近年来随着种植面积的不断扩大和集约化经营,病虫害问题日益严重,对油茶的产量和品质造成不同程度的影响。本研究通过野外调查、文献查阅、种类鉴定等工作,整理了21种油茶主要害虫的形态特征、生物学习性、为害特点、防治措施等信息,并拍摄相应害虫及为害状的高清照片1 600张。采用Lucid智能诊断系统,构建Fact Sheet Fusion基础信息数据库,并针对多途径检索方式提取害虫"为害方式"、"为害部位"、"为害高峰期"、"形态特征"等4个1级特征组,以及10个2级特征和18个3级特征,共组成102个特征状态,构建了油茶害虫的快速诊断系统。在此基础上,转换得到基于Android系统的手机应用APP,为林农和森防一线工作者对油茶害虫快速识别和防治提供便捷服务,从而促进油茶产业持续健康发展。     

Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Contamination in Cotton Seeds of Hunan Province

[Objective] In order to guarantee the quality and safety of cotton products and to explore the feasibility of alternative planting, the contamination condition of the heavy metals in cotton seeds in Hunan province was investigated and evaluated. [Method] Fifty-six cotton seed samples, collected in 6 counties of Hunan province, were collected to determine 6 indicators including cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and inorganic arsenic contents. This was followed by pollution index calculation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. [Results] The range of comprehensive pollution indexes of Junshan district, Anxiang county, Nanxian county, Wangcheng and Dingcheng districts varied between 0.366 5–0.577 0, which belonged to a secure level. However, the single pollution indexes of Hengyang county are relatively high. The comprehensive pollution index of Hengyang county was 0.801 6, meaning a mild pollution level. [Conclusion] The pollution status of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and arsenic in Hunan cottonseed samples are generally acceptable. Cotton could be a substitute for rice on contaminated soil.     

中国粮食进口安全综合评价研究——基于超效率DEA模型

在对粮食及粮食进口安全内涵加以界定的基础上,从粮食数量、粮食质量、粮食价格、粮食贸易、国家经济、生态环境6个方面分析中国粮食进口安全的影响因素,基于超效率DEA模型构建中国粮食进口安全评价模型。对1992—2015年中国粮食进口安全状况进行评价,结果表明,1992—2015年中国粮食进口处于安全状态,粮食进口对我国粮食价格安全和生态安全的影响程度较小,对数量安全、质量安全、贸易安全和经济安全的影响程度较大。     

玫烟色棒束孢耐热菌株的筛选及对麦长管蚜的致病力测定

采用48℃恒温水浴热胁迫法对玫烟色棒束孢7个菌株进行了耐热性测定。结果表明,热胁迫45 min后,不同菌株的残存活孢率差异显著,其中IF-502、IF-904和IF-9606菌株耐热性较强,残存活孢率均达50%以上;IF-7606菌株耐热性最差,残存活孢率仅为28.70%;IF-14、IF-511和IF-609菌株耐热性居中,残存活孢率34.72%～36.00%。对耐热性强的IF-502、IF-904和IF-9606三个菌株对麦长管蚜若蚜的致病力测定表明, IF-904菌株在1×10~7孢子/mL时对麦长管蚜的致病力最高,校正死亡率达88.20%,致死中时最短,为2.67 d。     

Assessing the utility of topographic variables in predicting structural complexity of tree stands in a reforested urban landscape

The transformation of natural landscapes into impervious built-up surfaces through urbanization is known to significantly interfere with the ecological integrity of urban landscapes and accelerate climate change and associated impacts. Although urban reforestation is widely recognised as an ideal mitigation practice against these impacts, it often has to compete with other lucrative land uses within an urban area. The often limited urban space provided for reforestation therefore necessitates the optimization of the ecological benefits, which demands spatially explicit information. The recent proliferation of tree stands structural complexity (SSC) and topographic data offer great potential for determining the ecological performance of reforested areas across an urban landscape. This study explores the potential of using topographic datasets to predict SSC in a reforested urban landscape and ranks the value of these topographic variables in determining SSC. Tree structural data from a reforested urban area was collected and fed into a tree stand structural complexity index, which was used to indicate ecological performance. Topographic variables (Topographic Wetness Index, slope, Area Solar Radiation and elevation)- were derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and used to predict SSC using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression technique. Results show that SSC varied significantly between the topographic variables. Results also show that the topographic variables could be used to reliably predict SSC. As expected, the Topographic Wetness Index and slope were the most important topographic determinants of SSC while elevation was the least valuable. These results provide valuable spatially explicit information about the ecological performance of the reforested areas within an urban landscape. Specifically, the study demonstrates the value of topographic data as aids to urban reforestation planning.     

12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉不同虫态的毒力及安全性评价

为明确常见杀虫剂对日本通草蛉各虫态的影响,在室内分别采用浸渍法和喷雾法测定了12种(8类)杀虫剂对日本通草蛉卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的毒性,并评价了杀虫剂对日本通草蛉的毒性风险。结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对日本通草蛉为极高风险,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺和阿维菌素为高风险,溴氰虫酰胺、啶虫脒和氯虫苯甲酰胺为中等风险,噻嗪酮、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和甲氧虫酰肼为低风险;与其他虫态相比,12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉蛹的毒性均为最低。在害虫生物防治及综合治理中应尽量选用对日本通草蛉毒性低的杀虫剂,以起到保护天敌的作用。